Three more EU member states — including the most populous, Germany — have joined the list of countries with “ultra-low” fertility rates [non-paywalled source], highlighting the extent of the region’s demographic challenges. Financial Times: Official statistics show Germany’s birth rate fell to 1.35 children per woman in 2023, below the UN’s “ultra-low” threshold of 1.4 — characterising a scenario where falling birth rates become tough to reverse.
Estonia and Austria also passed under the 1.4 threshold, joining the nine EU countries — including Spain, Greece and Italy — that in 2022 had fertility rates below 1.4 children per woman. The fall in birth rates partially reflects the “postponement of parenthood until the 30s,” which involves a “higher likelihood that you will not have as many children as you would like because of the biological clock,” said Willem Adema, senior economist at the OECD.